Gadolinium is a paramagnetic metal ion which moves differently within a magnetic field. This trait makes gadolinium a useful contrast agent during an MRI. Gadolinium is used during an MRI because it allows the physician to see the exact size and location of the area that needs to be treated. After the Gadolinium is injected into the bloodstream is exposed to the MRI, and becomes very bright, highlighting any deposits of the fluid which indicates abnormal tissue growth. Contrast agents that use Gadolinium provide the physician with greater clarity and makes the smaller tumors very bright and easy to see.

Once administered, the solution is rapidly removed from the body by the kidneys. The most common side effects associated with the use of Gadolinium based contrast agents are headache, nausea, and a localized burning sensation. Some individuals have been found to be allergic to Gadolinium, experiencing hives, eye irritation, and shortness of breath.

There are currently five FDA-approved gadolinium-based contrast agents, Magnevist, MultiHance, Omniscan, OptiMARK, and ProHance. These agents are approved for use during an MRI scan, but not for MRA. The FDA is asking health care professionals and patients to report possible cases of NSF/NFD through FDA’s MedWatch program.